It is the primary lateral rotator of the shoulder, it also modulates deltoid movement. A FOSH may fracture the bone. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. We will use examples to describe how the origin and insertion affect the action of a skeletal muscle. Read more. It also acts as an extensor of the wrist and radial deviator. It is often grouped as one of the muscles of the arm due to its insertion, but its actions involve the shoulder portion only, this why it has been included in the shoulder section here. It passes anteriorly and around the thoracic cage as if wrapping. In this anatomy muscle song, you can learn rhymes and mnemonics to help you remember the muscle name, location, and one of its functions/actions. It acts as a lateral rotator and a weak adductor of the shoulder. SITS; TISS; Mnemonic. Franchesca Druggan BA, MSc The muscle arises mainly from the flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium and inserts onto the proximal phalanx or metacarpal of the thumb. These are innervated by the ulnar nerve. Serratus anterior muscle:This muscle is so named due to its anterior digitations that have a serrated or finger-like appearance. Tongue muscles can be extrinsic or intrinsic. Depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed; elevates hyoid when mandible is fixed; Posterior belly; facial nerve Anterior belly mylohyoid nerve, Elevates and retracts hyoid; elongates floor of mouth, Elevates floor of mouth in initial stage of swallowing, Depresses mandible when hyoid; elevates and protracts hyoid when mandible is fixed, Depresses hyoid after it has been elevated, Depresses the hyoid during swallowing and speaking, Depresses hyoid; Elevates larynx when hyoid is fixed, Depresses larynx after it has been elevated in swallowing and vocalization, Temporal bone (mastoid process); occipital bone, Unilaterally tilts head up and to the opposite side; Bilaterally draws head forward and down, Occiput between the superior and inferior nuchal line, Extends and rotates the head to the opposite side, Posterior rami of middle cervical and thoracic nerves, Unilaterally and ipsilaterally flexes and rotates the head; Bilaterally extends head, Posterior margin of mastoid process and temporal bone, Extends and hyperextends head; flexes and rotates the head ipsilaterally, Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic nerves (C6 to T4), Rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head forward, Individually: rotates head to opposite side; bilaterally: flexion, Individually: laterally flexes and rotates head to same side; bilaterally: extension, Transverse and articular processes of cervical and thoracic vertebra, Rotates and tilts head to the side; tilts head backward, Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebra. The common extensor origin is the lateral epicondyle. Muscle origins and insertions Many muscles are attached to bones at either end via tendons. Trapezius muscle:This is a superficial, large, fan like muscle found on the back. All interossei are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, which enters the palm through Guyons canal, a tunnel formed by the pisiform and hook of hamate. The neurovascular bundle (intercostal nerve, artery and vein) will separate these two muscles. 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This is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with associated dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint. The intrinsic muscles of the hand contain the origin and insertions within the carpal and metacarpal bones. Click the card to flip . Place your finger on your eyebrows at the point of the bridge of the nose. The muscle origin often describes the more proximal attachment point of the muscle, while the muscle insertion point refers to the distal attachment. The short head arises from the coracoid process and both heads unite. Muscles of the Upper Limb Pectoralis minor ORIGIN: anterior surface of ribs 3 - 5 ACTION INSERTION: coracoid process (scapula) Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle INNERVATION: pectoral nerves: protracts / depresses scapula (Anterior view) Serratus anterior ORIGIN: ribs 1 - 8 INSERTION: ACTION medial border of scapula stabilizes / depresses It is innervated by the median nerve, which passes between its two heads to enter the forearm. The anterior muscles - such as the quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas, and sartorius, work as a group to flex the thigh at the hip and extend the leg at the knee. When the whole muscle acts as a unit it acts as a medial rotator and adductor the arm at the shoulder. This website provides entertainment value only, not medical advice or nursing protocols. Do you struggle with straight memorization? It inserts onto the radial surface of the 1st proximal phalanx. Brachialis muscle:This is the deep primary flexor of the elbow and arises from the lower part of the anterior surface of the humerus. All our four muscle chart ebooks are also available with the Latin terminology. This is the reason the muscle is well developed in boxers who protract their scapula in the terminal phases of their punches in order to maximize reach. inserion: medial border of scapula The problem? It is innervated by the axillary nerve. It inserts onto the spine of the scapula, acromion, and lateral third of the clavicle. origin: cervical vertebrae The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek. Do you find it difficult to memorize the muscles of the hand? As a result it acts as a flexor, extensor, and abductor of the shoulder. Simplify your retention of the thenar muscles by learning the following mnemonic! Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: Axial muscles of the head neck and back The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. Therefore, when they contract, the origin pulls the insertion and connected bone closer . The scaphoid bone forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox and articulates with the radius at the wrist. Bony Landmarks Types & Identification | What are Femur Landmarks? Sample Decks: Muscles Actions, Origins, and Insertions of the Pelvic Complex and Hip (week 5), The Structure of The Knee Joint (week 6), The Foot and Ankle (week 6) Show Class. Muscles involved in chewing must be able to exert enough pressure to bite through and then chew food before it is swallowed (Figure 11.4.4 and Table 11.4). The transversospinales include the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, and rotatores. There's a lot to learn about the anatomy of the upper limb muscles. The brevis muscle arises from the lateral epicondyle and inserts onto the dorsal base of the 3rd metacarpal. It is innervated by spinal nerves C3-C4 and C5 via the posterior (dorsal) scapular nerve. The longus is innervated by the radial nerve and the brevis by the posterior interosseous branch. Pronator teres muscle is the larger of the pronator muscles and has two heads. The transversospinales muscles run from the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae. However, the anatomist knows that the arm or the brachium is purely the region between the shoulder joint and elbow. This article will discuss the anatomy of the serratus anterior muscle. Gross Anatomy I. Facial muscles are different in that they create facial movements and expressions by pulling on the skinno bone movements are involved. It is a powerful superficial muscle of the shoulder. Let's take a look at an example. 3 in extensor compartment of arm: 3 heads of triceps (long, medial, lateral), 3 thenar muscles: abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis (+adductor pollicis), 3 hypothenar muscles: abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minmi (+palmaris brevis), 3 metacarpal muscles: dorsal interossei, palmar interossei, lumbricals, 3 abductors of digits: dorsal interossei, abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, Flexor carpi radialis muscle (cross-sectional view) -National Library of Medicine, Superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis muscle (ventral view) -Yousun Koh, Lumbrical muscles of the hand (ventral view) -Yousun Koh. 2. This muscle song will help you learn the major muscles of the human body . A rotator cuff tear presents with general pain with overhead activities and may present with night pain. Most skeletal muscle is attached to bone on its ends by way of what we call tendons. The origin is the attachment site that doesn't move during contraction, while the insertion is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts. This compartment is posterior in anatomical position. All the intrinsic muscles of hand are supplied by the deep . As the muscles contract, they exert force on the bones, which help to support and move our body along with its appendages. Extensor digiti minimi muscle:This muscle arises from the anterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. The omohyoid muscle, which has superior and inferior bellies, depresses the hyoid bone in conjunction with the sternohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles. It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. These muscles can extend the head, laterally flex it, and rotate it (Figure 11.4.8). Take a free major muscles anatomy quiz to test your knowledge, or review our muscle song video. The erector spinae group forms the majority of the muscle mass of the back and it is the primary extensor of the vertebral column. Action: external rotator of the thigh All rights reserved. It inserts into the medial aspect of the 5th metacarpal. origin: tip of the coracoid process The sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles. Finally, synergist muscles enhance the action of the agonist. In this article we will discuss the gross (structure) and functional anatomy (movement) of the muscles of the upper limb. The muscles discussed below are essential to everyday life and advanced movements such as writing. It acts as a weak flexor of the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis (fascia) during grip. Copyright Hypothenar eminence:It consists of the flexor digiti minimi brevis, the abductor digiti minimi brevis, and the opponens digiti minimi. Thats why wecreated muscle anatomy charts; your condensed, no-nonsense, easy to understand learning solution. The major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head is the sternocleidomastoid. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Each of these actions can be described in one of two ways. Medial border: Insertion of 3 muscles Mnemonic: SLR - all supplied by nerves from ROOT of brachial plexus Anteriorly: Serratus anterior (Long thoracic nerve) Posteriorly: Superiorly: Levator scapulae (Dorsal scapular nerve) Inferiorly: Rhomboids - minor superior to major (Dorsal scapular nerve) SLR and SIT mnemonic for scapular muscle attachment b. It arises from the flexor retinaculum, scaphoid tubercle, and trapezium. , My origin is the iliac crest, posterior sacrum, inferior lumbar, and sacral spinous processes. This happens due to overuse, such as with a competitive swimmer or shotput thrower. We strive for 100% accuracy, but nursing procedures and state laws are constantly changing. Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. iliacus - origin: ilium fossa I feel like its a lifeline. The movement of the eyeball is under the control of the extra ocular (extrinsic) eye muscles, which originate from the bones of the orbitand insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye. Latissimus dorsi muscle :This is a large, fan shaped superficial muscle which has a large area of origin. Copyright PAD DAB ('Use your hand to dab with a pad'). With more than 600 muscles in the body, it can feel impossible to keep track of them all. Next to each muscle, youll find its origin(s), insertion(s), innervation(s) and function(s). At the end of this video, you will be able to: 20 chapters | Origin: Ischial tuberosity The genioglossus depresses the tongue and moves it anteriorly; the styloglossus lifts the tongue and retracts it; the palatoglossus elevates the back of the tongue; and the hyoglossus depresses and flattens it. It pronates the radius and is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. Coracobrachialis muscle :The beauty of this muscle is that its name explains its origin, insertion, and action. You'll find this conveniently illustrated on the cheat sheets. The geniohyoid depresses the mandible in addition to raising and pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly. Get your muscle charts below. It also flexes the MP and wrist joints, although these are its secondary functions. It is also innervated by the median nerve. Commonly referred to as impingement syndrome. Oftentimes, synergist muscles are needed to get a particular action started. Due to these attachments, the triceps is stretched during forearm flexing. It's important to note that the antagonist contraction is minor in comparison to the agonist contraction, and therefore it doesn't prevent the action of the agonist. It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. The stylohyoid muscle moves the hyoid bone posteriorly, elevating the larynx, and the mylohyoid muscle lifts it and helps press the tongue to the top of the mouth. Flexor carpi muscles: In the superficial layer of the forearm is where we find flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris. My origin is the inferior skull, spinous processes T1-6. In our cheat sheets, youll find the origin(s) and insertion(s) of every muscle. It can be difficult to learn the names and locations of the major muscles. Agonists, or prime movers, are responsible for the bulk of the action. The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. It lays directly superficial to the flexor digitorum superficialis. It inserts on the distal phalangesof the 2nd to 5th digits and acts to flex the distal IP joints of the fingers. It is also capable of weakly supinating and pronating the forearm. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The orbicularis oris is a circular muscle that moves the lips, and the orbicularis oculi is a circular muscle that closes the eye. The sternocostal head arises from the sternum and the superior 6-7 costal cartilages. The muscle arises from costals (ribs) 1 - 8, sometimes terminating origins at costal 9. The suprahyoid muscles raise the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth, and the larynx during deglutition. The lower subscapular nerve innervates the muscle and it is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. These muscles bring together the spinous and transverse processes of each consecutive vertebra. All rights reserved. Biceps brachii muscle:This superficial muscle forms the bulk of the anterior compartment of the arm. Pick a muscle and look up its origin, insertion, and action. If the place is a bone that remains immobile for an action, the attachment is called an origin. This muscle allows you to whistle, blow, and suck; and it contributes to the action of chewing. The splenius group includes the splenius capitis and the splenius cervicis. The particular movement is a direct result of the muscle attachment. The muscle has dual innervation. The clavicular head enables the muscle to act as a flexor (decrease angle between joints) of arm at the shoulder and the sternocostal head enables the muscle to act as an extensor (increase angle between joints). Diaphragm *Note the distinction between internal and innermost intercostal. Important in the stabilization of the vertebral column is the segmental muscle group, which includes the interspinales and intertransversarii muscles. The actions and innervation are the same as the rhomboid major. Pectoralis minor muscle:This muscle lies deep to the pectoralis major and arises from 3rd-5th costals sternal ends and its associated fascia (connective tissue surrounding a muscle group). It is innervated by the radial nerve, a portion of the posterior branch of the brachial plexus. There are numerous muscles in this compartment as well. In addition, both muscles working together are the flexors of the head. remember this mnemonic: Aortic hiatus=12 letters =T12 Esophageal =10 letters= T10 Vena cava = 8 letters = T8 The muscles in the face create facial expression by inserting into the skin rather than onto bone. Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone. The movements would be used in bowling or swing your arms while walking. The Lymphatic and Immune System, Chapter 26. Mnemonic for Pectoral Muscles Origin Insertion Function Mnemonics for Facial Muscleshttps://youtu.be/ulMHYpvoRbsMnemonics for Tongue Muscle. Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Wider than semmitendonosis The tendon of the muscle passes in its own tunnel to enter the palm and it inserts onto the base of the 1st distal phalanx. Additional muscles of facial expression are presented in Figure 11.4.2. It runs down the posterior compartment of the forearm and inserts into the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd to 5th digits. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation, Chapter 21. Articulation Movement Overview & Types | How Muscular Contraction Causes Articulation, Semispinalis Capitis | Origin, Insertion & Action, Soft Tissue Injury Repair: Stages & Massage Therapy Support, SAT Subject Test Biology: Practice and Study Guide, UExcel Anatomy and Physiology II: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Praxis Biology and General Science: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Biology: Content Knowledge (5236) Prep, Introduction to Biology: Certificate Program, Human Anatomy & Physiology: Help and Review, UExcel Microbiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Basic Genetics: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Genetics: Certificate Program, Middle School Life Science: Help and Review, Holt McDougal Modern Biology: Online Textbook Help, Biology 101 Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Create an account to start this course today. Its innervation is from the upper suprascapular nerve. Skeletal Muscles (Comments, Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve) by melissa1780d, Mar. The radial two lumbricals are innervated by the median nerve and the ulnar two are innervated by the ulnar nerve. This results in a restricted range of motion. Some axial muscles cross over to the appendicular skeleton. Extensor digitorum muscle:This muscle lies in the extensor compartment and arises from the lateral epicondyle. The damaged nerve causes a weakened serratus anterior, leading to the scapula not being pulled down and in during circumduction. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. Origin: from the ischium of the pelvis Insertion: the tibia of the lower leg. It is the prime mover in forward reaching and pushing down. This is logical because this muscle inserts broadly at an angle across much of the back of the head, so it attaches to both lateral structures (the mastoid processes) and medial structures (the occipital bone). Due to this arrangement the deltoid has a large area of origin: from the acromion, lateral superior portion of the clavicle, and lateral third of the scapular spine. When they contract bilaterally, the head flexes or extends. Muscles of the shoulder and upper limb can be divided into four groups: muscles that stabilize and position the pectoral girdle, muscles that move the arm, muscles that move the forearm, and muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers. The palatoglossus originates on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue, and the hyoglossus originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it. Remaining 0 Correct 0 Wrong 0 Press play! Antagonist contractions are opposite that of the agonist and serve to control the action. Inferior dislocations are the least common and make the upper limb appears as if you are holding your upper limb upwards. The segmental muscles include the interspinales and intertransversarii. Muscle: Abductor pollicis longus - Origin: - Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna - Interosseous membrane - Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal - Action: - Radial deviation of wrist - Abduction of thumb at CMC joint - Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve. The extrinsic muscles all include the word root glossus (glossus = tongue), and the muscle names are derived from where the muscle originates. The extrinsic muscles move the whole tongue in different directions, whereas the intrinsic muscles allow the tongue to change its shape (such as, curling the tongue in a loop or flattening it). Some of the axial muscles may seem to blur the boundaries because they cross over to the appendicular skeleton. Read more. Each of these muscles has a name; for example, again, the biceps brachii and now the triceps brachii, responsible for both forearm flexion and forearm extension, respectively. Some People Bang Like Monkeys. The Cardiovascular System: Blood, Chapter 19. Flexor pollicis longus muscle:This muscle is found superficially within the deep layer. An agonist, or as I said before, a prime mover, is the muscle that is primarily responsible for the movement described: forearm flexion. The good news? The posterior muscles of the neck are primarily concerned with head movements, like extension. It is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve, a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Memorizethe superficial forearm flexors usingthe followingmnemonic! 1. The action makes sense when you consider the muscle's points of attachment. The muscle causes flexion of the wrist, and radial deviation when it acts with extensor carpi radialis. This also helps you understand its action (s) as well as what injuries may be present if there is pain in relevant areas. Forearm muscle origins on humerus: Supinator, Medial Tricep, Lateral Tricep, Pronator, Brachialis. Reviewer: 2023 The muscle forms the posterior axillary fold and rotates in order to insert onto the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. When a movement is repeated over time, the brain creates a long-term muscle memory for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed with little to no conscious . Because of its mobility, the tongue facilitates complex speech patterns and sounds. It also assists in medial (anterior fibers) and lateral rotation (posterior fibers). and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! They arise from the metacarpal bones and insert into the extensor hoods of each finger. It consists mainly of type 1 muscle fibers and hence provides sustained elbow extension. Long head originates from the Supraglenoid cavity. Rhomboid minor muscle:This is a smaller muscle with the same shape as the rhomboid major and lies above it. Don't forget to quiz yourself on the forearm flexors and extensors to consolidate your knowledge! Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon, Next: 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Moves eyes up and toward nose; rotates eyes from 1 oclock to 3 oclock, Common tendinous ring (ring attaches to optic foramen), Moves eyes down and toward nose; rotates eyes from 6 oclock to 3 oclock, Moves eyes up and away from nose; rotates eyeball from 12 oclock to 9 oclock, Surface of eyeball between inferior rectus and lateral rectus, Moves eyes down and away from nose; rotates eyeball from 6 oclock to 9 oclock, Suface of eyeball between superior rectus and lateral rectus, Maxilla arch; zygomatic arch (for masseter), Closes mouth; pulls lower jaw in under upper jaw, Superior (elevates); posterior (retracts), Opens mouth; pushes lower jaw out under upper jaw; moves lower jaw side-to-side, Inferior (depresses); posterior (protracts); lateral (abducts); medial (adducts), Closes mouth; pushes lower jaw out under upper jaw; moves lower jaw side-to-side, Superior (elevates); posterior (protracts); lateral (abducts); medial (adducts), Draws tongue to one side; depresses midline of tongue or protrudes tongue, Elevates root of tongue; closes oral cavity from pharynx.